THE
KINGDOM OF CROATIA
On 18 May 1941,
a ceremony took place at the Quirinal Palace where Ante Pavelić,
the leader of the fascist Ustaše movement
that had assumed power in Croatia in
April 1941 after the invasion of Yugoslavia, led a delegation of Croats requesting
that Italy's King Victor Emmanuel III name a member of the House of Savoy, King
of Croatia. The Independent State of
Croatia was a state that was partly under
Italian and German control, covering most of present-day states of Croatia
and
Bosnia and Herzegovina, but its leaders tried to assert their legitimacy by
instating a monarchy that would
resemble the medieval Croatian state.
Prince
Aimone of Savoy-Aosta, Duke of Aosta (given names: Aimone Roberto
Margherita Maria Giuseppe Torino; 9 March
1900 - 29 January 1948) was an
Italian prince from the House of Savoy and an officer of the Royal Italian
Navy. As the second son of Emanuele Filiberto, 2nd Duke of Aosta he was
granted the title Duke of Spoleto
on 22 September 1904. Emanuele Filiberto
died on 4 July 1931, and Prince Aimone's older brother Amedeo became
the
Duke of Aosta, but after the latter's untimely death during World War II
in Nairobi, Prince Aimone assumed
the title on 3 March 1942.
Aimone was officially named King by his cousin
Victor Emmanuel III. On assuming
the Crown of Zvonimir he took the regnal name Tomislav II in memory of Tomislav, the
first Croatian king. Originally on learning that he had been named King of Croatia,
His full title was "King of
Croatia, Prince of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Voivode of
Dalmatia, Tuzla and Knin".
He was due to be crowned in Duvno (Tomislavgrad), in modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina,
but he refused to go to Croatia due to the "Dalmatian question" which arose due to Italy
taking some of
Dalmatia's coastal territory. Aimone felt that Dalmatia "was a land that
could never be Italianized" and was
an obstacle to Italian-Croatian reconciliation. Other
reasons why he never went to Croatia were because of an ongoing
insurgency, and that his
safety could not be guaranteed. Because of this he exercised what little power he had
from
Italy and Hungary, however he never held any real authority throughout his reign as
the Ustaše government had
deprived the monarchy of most powers and reduced the status of
the king to that of a figurehead. In spite of this he
did have some symbolic powers such
as the ability to grant noble titles. Baron Gyula István Cseszneky de Milvány
et Cseszneg
was the counselor to the King for Croatian affairs. Prince Aimone also established a
Croatian office
in Rome where he received confidential reports, official documents, and
military, political and economic information
from Croatia.
Following the dismissal
of Mussolini on 25 July 1943, the Prince abdicated on 31 July on
the orders of Victor Emmanuel III. With the Italian
capitulation on 8 September, he formally
renounced on October 12 his rights to the title. This happened shortly after
the birth of
his son Amedeo (born 27 September 1943) who received Zvonimir as one of his given names.
In the late months of World War II, he became the commander
of the Italian Naval Base of
Taranto but he was dismissed from his post for his criticism of the judges that had found
General Mario Roatta guilty. During his naval career he reached the rank of Squadron Admiral.
In 1947 following the birth of the Italian Republic the
previous year, Prince Aimone left
Italy for South America. He died early the next year on 29 January 1948 in his hotel
room
in Buenos Aires. His son Prince Amedeo succeeded him as Duke of Aosta.
The Genealogy of The Royal House
TOMISLAV II, Aimone Roberto Margherita
Maria Giuseppe Torino, Duke of Aosta,
designated, King Tomislav II of Croatia 1941-1943, but never reigned
(Turin
9 Mar 1900-Buenos Aires 29 Jan 1948); m.Florence 1 Jul 1939 Irene
Pss of Greece and Denmark (Athens 13 Feb 1904-Fiesole
15 Apr 1974)
ZVONIMIR II, Amedeo Umberto Constantino
Giorgio Paolo Elena
Maria Fiorenzo Zvonimir, Duke of Aosta, de jure King of Croatia,
(b.Florence 27 Sep 1943);
m.1st Sintra, Portugal 22 Jul
1964 (div 1982) Pss Claude d'Orléans (b.11 Dec 1943); m.2d
Bagheria, Sicily
30 Mar 1987 Marchesa Silvia Paterno di
Spedalotto (b.Palermo 31 Dec 1953)
Bianca Irene Olga Elena Isabella Fiorenza Maria
(b.Florence 2 Apr 1966);
m.San Giustino Valdarno
11 Sep 1988 Cte Gilberto Arrivabene Valenti Gonzaga
(b.Rome 5 Jul 1961)
Viola Moreschina Nuschi Adec Nicoletta Maria
Arrivabene
Valenti Gonzaga, b.Rome 31 May 1991
Vera
Clementina Verde Aimone Elena Maria Arrivabene
Valenti Gonzaga, b.Samedan, Switzerland 18 Aug 1993
Mafalda Violante Giovanna Olga Maria Valenti
Gonzaga,
b.Conegliano Veneto 27 Dec 1997
Maddalena
Smeralda Brandolina Maria
Arrivabene Valenti Gonzaga, b.24 Apr 2000
Leonardo Amedeo Moreschino Sai Maria Arrivabene
Valenti Gonzaga, b.Conegliano 5 Oct 2001
Aimone Umberto Emanuele Filiberto Luigi
Amedeo Elena
Maria Fiorenzo, Duke of Apulia, de jure Crown Prince
of Croatia, (b.Florence 13 Oct 1967)
Mafalda Giovanna Shams Maria Fiorenza Isabella
(b.Florence
20 Sep 1969); m.1st San Giustino Valdarno,
Tuscany 18 Sep 1994 (div) Alessandro Ruffo di Calabria
(b.Turin 4 Nov
1964); m.2d London 27 Apr 2001 Nobile
Francesco Ferrante Carlo Napoleone Lombardo di San
Chirico (b.Milan 31 Jan
1968)
Nobile Anna Egizia Maria
Carla Chiara Benedetta
Lombardo di San Chirico, b.Milan 11 Apr 1999
Nobile Carlo Ferrante Gennaro Antonio Francesco
Lombardo di San Chirico, b.Milan 28 Jan 2001
Nobile Elena Maria Carlotta Claude Silvia Stefania
Vittoria
Lombardo di San Chirico, b.Milan 10 Mar 2003
Vittorio
Emanuele Torino Giovanni Maria,
Ct of Turin (Turin 24 Nov 1870-Brussels 16 Oct 1946)
____________