Before 1806 Saxony was part of the Holy Roman Empire, a thousand-year
-old entity which had once aspired to be a single state, but had become
highly decentralised over the centuries. The rulers of Electorate of
Saxony had held the title of elector for several centuries. When the Holy
 Roman Empire was dissolved following the defeat of Emperor Francis
II by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz, the electorate was raised
to the status of an independent kingdom with the support of France,
then the dominant power in Central Europe. The last elector of Saxony
became King Frederick Augustus I.

Following the defeat of Saxony's ally Prussia at the Battle of Jena in
1806, Saxony joined the Confederation of the Rhine, and remained within
the Confederation until its dissolution in 1813 with Napoleon's defeat
at the Battle of Leipzig. Following the battle, in which Saxony -
virtually alone of the German states - had fought alongside the French,
King Frederick Augustus I was deserted by his troops, taken prisoner by
the Prussians and considered to have forfeited his throne by the allies,
who put Saxony under Russian occupation and administration. This was
probably more due to the Prussian desire to annex Saxony than to any crime
on Frederick Augustus's part, and the fate of Saxony would prove to be
one of the main issues at the Congress of Vienna. In the end, 40% of the
Kingdom, including the historically significant Wittenberg, home of the
Protestant Reformation, was annexed by Prussia, but Frederick Augustus
was restored to the throne in the remainder of his kingdom, which still
included the major cities of Dresden and Leipzig. The Kingdom also joined
the German Confederation, the new organization of the German states to
replace the Holy Roman Empire.

During the 1866 Austro-Prussian War, Saxony sided with Austria, and the
Saxon army was generally seen as the only ally to bring substantial aid
to the Austrian cause, having abandoned the defense of Saxony itself to
join up with the Austrian army in Bohemia. This effectiveness probably
allowed Saxony to escape the fate of other north German states which
allied with Austria (notably the Kingdom of Hanover), which were annexed
by Prussia after the war. The Austrians insisted as a point of honour
that Saxony must be spared, and the Prussians acquiesced. Saxony
nevertheless joined the Prussian-led North German Confederation the next
year. With Prussia's victory over France in the Franco-Prussian War of
1871, the members of the Confederation were organised by Otto von
Bismarck into the German Empire, with Wilhelm I as its Emperor. John I,
as Saxony's incumbent king, was subordinate and owed allegiance to the
Emperor, although he, like the other German princes, retained some of
the prerogatives of a sovereign ruler, including the ability to enter
into diplomatic relations with other states.

Wilhelm I's grandson Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated in 1918 as a result
of Germany's defeat in the First World War. King Frederick Augustus
III of Saxony followed him into abdication and the erstwhile Kingdom
of Saxony became the Free State of Saxony within the newly-formed
Weimar Republic, thus ceasing a somewhat brief history as a kingdom.

    

The History of The House of Wettin

The House of Wettin is a dynasty of German counts, dukes, prince-
electors (Kurfürsten) and kings that once ruled the area of today's
German states of Saxony, the Saxon part of Saxony-Anhalt, and
Thuringia for more than 800 years as well as holding at times the
kingship of Poland. Agnates of the House of Wettin have, at various
times, ascended the thrones of Great Britain, Portugal, Bulgaria,
Poland, Saxony, and Belgium; of these, only the British and Belgian
lines retain their thrones today. The oldest member of the House of
Wettin who is known for certain was Thiedericus (died 982), who was
probably based in the Liesgau (located at the western edge of the
Harz). Around 1000, as part of the German conquest of Slavic territory,
the family acquired Wettin Castle, after which they named themselves.
Wettin Castle is located in Wettin in the Hosgau on the Saale River.
Around 1030, the Wettin family received the Eastern March as a fief.

 

 

The prominence of the Wettin family in the Slavic marches caused Emperor
Henry IV to invest them with the March of Meissen as a fief in 1089.
The family advanced over the course of the Middle Ages: in 1263 they
inherited the landgraviate of Thuringia (though without Hesse), and in
1423 they were invested with the Duchy of Saxony, centred at Wittenberg,
thus becoming one of the prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire. The
family divided into two ruling branches in 1485 when the sons of Frederick
II, Elector of Saxony divided the territories hitherto ruled jointly. The
elder son Ernest, who had succeeded his father as Prince-elector, received
the territories assigned to the Elector (Electoral Saxony) and Thuringia,
while his younger brother Albert obtained the March of Meissen, which he
ruled from Dresden. As Albert ruled under the title of "Duke of Saxony",
his possessions were also known as Ducal Saxony.

The older, Ernestine branch remained predominant until 1547 and played an
important role in the beginnings of the Protestant Reformation. Their
predominance ended in the Schmalkaldic War, which pitted the Protestant
Schmalkaldic League against Emperor Charles V. Although itself Protestant,
the Albertine branch rallied to the Empire's cause; Charles V rewarded them
by forcing the Ernestines to sign away their rights to the Electoral title
and lands to the Albertines. The Ernestine line was thereafter restricted
to Thuringia, and its dynastic unity swiftly crumbled. The Albertine Wettin
maintained most of the territorial integrity of Saxony, preserving it as a
significant power in the region, and using small appanage fiefs for their
cadet branches, few of which survived for significant lengths of time. The
Ernestine Wettin, on the other hand, repeatedly subdivided their territory,
creating an intricate patchwork of small duchies and counties in Thuringia.

 

The junior Albertine branch ruled as Electors (1547-1806) and Kings of Saxony
(1806-1918) and also played a role in Polish history: two Wettin were Kings of
Poland (between 1697-1763) and a third ruled the Duchy of Warsaw (1807-1814)
as a satellite of Napoleon. After the Napoleonic Wars, the Albertine branch
lost about 40% of its lands, including the old Electoral Saxony, to Prussia,
restricting it to a territory coextensive with the modern Saxony).

  

Rulers of The Kingdom of Saxony

Kings of Saxony - House of Wettin

* Frederick Augustus I...............1806-1827
* Anthony Clement......................1827-1836
* Frederick Augustus II...............1836-1854
* John..........................................1854-1873
* Albert........................................1873-1902
* George......................................1902-1904
* Frederick Augustus III..............1904-1918

The Family Titles and Styles

The Genealogy of The Royal House

FRIEDRICH CHRISTIAN Leopold Johann Georg Franz Xaver, Elector of Saxony
5 Oct 1763 (Dresden 5 Sep 1722-Dresden 17 Dec 1763); m.by proxy at
Munich 13 Jun 1747 and in person at Dresden 20 Jun 1747 Maria Antonia
Pss of Bavaria (Schloß Nymphenburg 18 Jul 1724-Dresden 23 Apr 1780)

1a) FRIEDRICH AUGUST III Joseph Maria Anton Johann Nepomuk Aloys Xaver,
Elector of Saxony, King FRIEDRICH AUGUST I of Saxony 11 Dec 1806 (Dresden
23 Dec 1750-Dresden 5 May 1827); m.by proxy at Mannheim 17 Jan 1769 and
in person at Dresden 29 Jan 1769 Amalie Pfgfn von Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld
(Mannheim 10 May 1752-Dresden 15 Nov 1828)

1b) Maria Augusta Nepomucena Antonia Franziska Xaveria
Aloysia (Dresden 21 Jun 1782-Dresden 14 Mar 1863)

2a) Karl Maximilian Maria Anton Johann Nepomuk Aloys
Franz Xaver Januar (Dresden 24 Sep 1752-Dresden 8 Sep 1781)

3a) Joseph Maria Ludwig Johann Nepomuck Aloys
Gonzaga Franz Xaver Januar Anton de Padua Polycarp
(Dresden 26 Jan 1754-Dresden 25 Mar 1763)

4a) ANTON Clemens Theodor Maria Joseph Johann Evangelista Johann
Nepomuk Franz Xaver Aloys Januar, King of Saxony (Dresden 27 Dec
1755-Pillnitz 6 Jun 1836); m.1st by proxy at Turin 29 Sep 1781
and in person at Dresden 24 Oct 1781 Charlotte Pss of Savoy (Turin
17 Jan 1764-Dresden 28 Dec 1782); m.2d by proxy at Florence 8 Sep
1787 and in person at Dresden 18 Oct 1787 Therese, Archdss of
Austria (Florence 14 Jan 1767-Leipzig 7 Nov 1827)

1b) Maria Ludovica Auguste Friederike Therese Franziska Johanna
Aloysia Nepomucena Ignatia Anna Josepha Xaveria Franziska de
Paula Barbara (Dresden 14 Mar 1795-Dresden 25 Apr 1796)

2b) Friedrich August (b.
and d.Dresden 5 Apr 1796)

3b) Maria Johanna Ludovica Anna Amalia Nepomucena Aloysia Ignatia
Xaveria Josepha Franziska de Chantal Eva Apollonia Magdalena
Crescentia Vincentia (Dresden 5 Apr 1798-Dresden 30 Oct 1799)

4b) Maria Theresia (b.and
d.Dresden 15 Oct 1799)

5a) Maria Amalia Anna Josepha Antonia Justina Augustina Xaveria
Aloysia Johanna Nepomucena Magdalena Walburga Katharina (Dresden
26 Sep 1757-Neuburg 20 Apr 1831); m.Dresden 12 Feb 1774 Karl III,
Duke von Zweibrücken (Düsseldorf 29 Oct 1746-Mannheim 1 Apr 1795)

6a) Maximilian Maria Joseph Anton Johann Baptist Johann Evangelista
Ignaz Augustin Xaver Aloys Johann Nepomuk Januar Hermenegild Agnellis
Paschalis, renounced his rights to the throne 1 Sep 1830 (Dresden 13
Apr 1759-Dresden 3 Jan 1838); m.1st by proxy at Parma 22 Apr 1792 and
in person at Dresden 9 May 1792 Carolina Pss of Bourbon-Parma (Parma
22 Nov 1770-Dresden 1 Mar 1804); m.2d by proxy at Lucca 15 Oct 1825
and in person at Dresden 7 Nov 1825 Maria Luisa Pss of Bourbon-Parma
(Barcelona 2 Oct 1802-Rome 18 Mar 1857)

1b) Maria Amalia Friederike Augusta Karolina Ludovica Josepha Aloysia
Anna Nepomucena Philippina Vincentia Franziska de Paula Franziska de
Chantal (Dresden 10 Aug 1794-Pillnitz 18 Sep 1870)

2b) Maria Ferdinanda Amalia Xaveria Theresia Josepha Anna Nepomucena
Aloysia Johanna Vincentia Ignatia Dominica Franziska de Paula Franziska
de Chantal (Dresden 27 Apr 1796-Schloß Brandeis 3 Jan 1865); m.Florence
6 May 1821 Ferdinando III Grand Duke of Tuscany, Archduke of Austria
(Florence 6 May 1769-Florence 18 Jun 1824)

3b) FRIEDRICH AUGUST II Albert Maria Clemens Joseph Vincenz Aloys Nepomuk
Johann Baptista Nikolaus Raphael Peter Xaver Franz de Paula Venantius
Felix, King of Saxony (Dresden 18 May 1797- Brennbüchel 9 Aug 1854); m.1st
by proxy at Vienna 26 Sep 1819 and in person at Dresden 7 Oct 1819 Caroline,
Archdss of Austria (Vienna 8 Apr 1801-Dresden 22 May 1832); m.2d Dresden
24 Apr 1833 Marie Pss of Bavaria (Munich 27 Jan 1805-Wachwitz 13 Sep 1877)

4b) Clemens Maria Joseph Nepomuk Aloys Vincenz Xaver Franz de Paula Franz
de Valois Joachim Benno Philipp Jakob (Dresden 1 May 1798-Pisa 4 Jan 1822)

5b) Maria Anna Carolina Josepha Vincentia Xaveria Nepomucena Franziska de
Paula Franziska de Chantal Johanna Antonia Elisabeth Cunigunde Gertrud
Leopoldina (Dresden 15 Nov 1799-Pisa 24 Mar 1832; m.by proxy at Dresden
28 Oct 1817 and in person at Florence 16 Nov 1817 Leopoldo II, Grand Duke
of Tuscany, Archduke of Austria (Florence 3 Oct 1797-Rome 30 Jan 1870)

6b) JOHANN Nepomuk Maria Joseph Anton Xaver Vincenz Aloys Franz de Paula
Stanislaus Bernhard Paul Felix Damasus, King of Saxony (Dresden 12 Dec 1801
Pillnitz 29 Oct 1873; m.by proxy at Munich 10 Nov 1822 and in person at Dresden
21 Nov 1822 Amalie Pss of Bavaria (Munich 13 Nov 1801-Dresden 8 Nov 1877)

1c) Maria Auguste Friederike Karoline Ludovike Amalie Maximiliane
Franziska Nepomucena Xaveria (Dresden 22 Jan 1827-Dresden 8 Oct 1857)

2c) Friedrich August ALBERT Anton Ferdinand Joseph Karl Maria Baptist
Wilhelm Xaver Georg Fidelis, King of Saxony (Dresden 23 Apr 1828-Schloß
Sibyllenort 19 Jun 1902); m.Dresden 18 Jun 1853 Pss Carola Vasa
(Schönbrunn 5 Aug 1833-Dresden 15 Dec 1907)

3c) Maria Elisabeth Maximiliana Ludovika Amalie Franziska Sophia Leopoldine
Anna Baptista Xaveria Nepomucena (Dresden 4 Feb 1830-Stresa 14 Aug 1912);
m.1st Dresden 22 Apr 1850 Ferdinando Pr of Savoy, Duke of Genoa (Florence
15 Nov 1822-Turin 10 Feb 1855); m.2d Aglié 4 Oct 1856 Niccolo Marchese
Rapallo (Cagliari 6 Jul 1825-Turin 27 Nov 1912)

4c) Friedrich August Ernst Ferdinand Wilhelm Ludwig Anton Nepomuk
Maria Baptist Xaver Vincenz (Dresden 5 Apr 1831-Weesenstein 12 May 1847)

5c) Friedrich August GEORG Ludwig Wilhelm Maximilian Karl Maria Nepomuk
Baptist Xaver Cyriacus Romanus, King of Saxony (Pillnitz 8 Aug 1832-
Pillnitz 15 Oct 1904); m.Lisbon 11 May 1859 Maria Anna Infanta of
Portugal (Lisbon 21 Jul 1843-Dresden 5 Feb 1884)

1d) Marie Johanna Amalie Ferdinande Antonie Luise
Juliane (Dresden 19 Jun 1860-Dresden 2 Mar 1861)

2d) Elisabeth Albertine Karoline Sidonie Ferdinande
Leopoldine Antonie Auguste Clementine (Dresden 14 Feb
1862-Dresden 18 May 1863)

3d) Mathilde Marie Auguste Viktorie Leopoldine Karoline Luise
Franziska Josepha(Dresden 19 Mar 1863-Dresden 27 Mar 1933)

4d) FRIEDRICH AUGUST III Johann Ludwig Karl Gustav Gregor Philipp,
King of Saxony, renounced the throne 13 Nov 1918 (Dresden 25 May
1865-Sibyllenort 18 Feb 1932); m.Vienna 21 Nov 1891 (div 1903)
Luisa Archdss of Austria (Salzburg 2 Sep 1870-Brussels 23 Mar 1947)

1e) Friedrich August Georg Ferdinand Albert Karl Anton Paul
Marcellus, Crown Pr of Saxony, renounced his rights 1923
(Dresden 15 Jan 1893-Groß-Glienicke 14 May 1943)

2e) FRIEDRICH CHRISTIAN Albert Leopold Anno Sylvester Makarius,
Margrave of Meißen (Dresden 31 Dec 1893-Samedan 9 Aug 1968); m.
Regensburg 16 Jun 1923 Elisabeth Helene Pss von Thurn und Taxis
(Regensburg 15 Dec 1903-Munich 22 Oct 1976)

1f) MARIA EMANUEL, Margrave of Meißen (b.Prüfening 31 Jan 1926); m.
(civ) La Tour de Peilz 22 Jun 1962 (rel) Vevey 31 Jan 1963 Anastasia
Pss of Anhalt (b.Regensburg 22 Dec 1940) 

2f) Maria Josepha (b.Bad
Wörishofen 20 Sep 1928)

3f) Maria Anna Josepha (b.Bad Wörishofen 13 Dec 1929); m.Paris 1 May
1953 Robert de Afif (Mexico City 30 Nov 1916-Mexico City 13 Dec 1978)

1g) Alexander de Afif "Prinz von Sachsen-Gessaphe"; he has been named
by the Margrave of Meißen as his heir (b.Munich 12 Feb 1954); m.Mexico
City 3 Apr 1987 (rel) Andechs 29 Aug 1987 Gisela Pss of Bavaria
(b.Leutstetten 10 Sep 1964)

1h) Georg-Philipp Antonius Afif Pr von
Sachsen-Gessaphe (b.Mexico City 24 May 1988)

2h) Mauricio-Gabriel Roberto Afif Pr von
Sachsen-Gessaphe (b.Mexico City 14 Sep 1989)

3h) Paul Clemens Afif Pr von Sachsen-
Gessaphe (b.Mexico City 23 Mar 1993)

4h) Maria Teresita Anna Louis Caroline Lucardis
Afif Pss von Sachsen-Gessaphe (b.Dresden 7 Jul 1999)

2g) Friedrich Wilhelm de Afif "Prinz von
Sachsen-Gessaphe" (b.Mexico City 5 Oct 1955)

3g) Karl August de Afif "Prinz von Sachsen-Gessaphe" (b.Mexico City 1
Jan 1958); m.Munich (civ) 19 May 1994 (rel) 26 Nov 1994 Karen Kurth
(b.Berlin 19 Nov 1962)

1h) Maria Antonia Afif Pss von
Sachsen-Gessaphe, b.Munich 7 Oct 1994

2h) Maria Fernanda Desirée Afif Pss von
 Sachsen-Gessaphe, b.Munich 4 Jun 1999

4f) Albert Joseph Maria Franz-Xaver (b.Bamberg 30 Nov 1934);
m.(morganatically) Munich (civ) 10 Apr 1980 (rel) 12 Apr 1980
Elmira Henke (b.Lodz 25 Dec 1930), Heir of Maria Emanuel.

5f) Mathilde Maria Josepha Anna Xaveria (b.Bamberg 17 Jan 1936);
m.(civ) Munich 15 Oct 1968 (rel) Kloster Andechs 12 Nov 1968
(div 1993) Johannes Heinrich Pr of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
(b.Innsbruck 28 Mar 1931)

3e) Ernst Heinrich Ferdinand Franz Joseph Otto Maria Melchiades
(Dresden 9 Dec 1896-Neckarhausen 14 Jun 1971); m.1st Schloß Hohenburg
12 Apr 1921 Sophie Pss of Luxemburg and Nassau (Schloß Berg 14 Feb
1902-Munich 24 May 1941); m.2d (morganatically) Paris 28 Jun 1947
Virginia Dulon (Frankfurt 17 Dec 1910-co Westmeath Jan 2002)

1f) Albrecht Friedrich August Johannes
Gregor Dedo (b.Munich 9 May 1922)

2f) Georg Timo Michael Nikolaus Maria (Munich 22 Dec 1923-Emden 22 Apr 1982);
m.1st (morganatically) Mühlheim an der Ruhr 7 Aug 1952 Margit Lukas (Mühlheim
9 May 1932-Mühlheim 6 Jun 1957); m.2d (morganatically) Marburg an der Lahn 5 Feb
 1966 (div 1974)Charlotte Schwindack (b.Dresden 11 Mar 1919); m.3d (morganatically)
Emden 26 Mar 1974 Erna Eilts (Wolthusen bei Emden 23 Jul 1921-199_)

1g) Rüdiger Karl Ernst Timo Ali (b.Mühlheim 23 Dec 1953); m.1st Willich 14
Jun 1974 Astrid Linke (Halle an der Saale 5 Jun 1949-Nov 1989); m.2d
Jan 2004 (div 2005) Diana Dorndorf

2h) Arne Benjamin (b.
Duisburg 7 Mar 1977)

3h) Nils (b.Duisburg 6 Nov 1978)

2g) Iris Hildegard Sophie Margrit Gisela (b.Mühlheim 21 Sep 1955); m.1st 21 Mar
1975 (div 1976) Hans Jürgen Hadam (Mühlheim 18 Oct 1950-Mühlheim 9 Jan 1977);
m.2d (civ) Essen 20 May 1977 (rel) Mühlheim 22 Jul 1977 (div 1983) Wolfgang Graf
Deym von Stritetz (b.as Wolfgang König at Agram 10 Jan 1943; adopted by Leopold
Gf Deym von Stritetz); m.3d Hachenburg 8 Aug 1988 (div 1989) Ulrich Schuhmacher
(b.20 Jun 1953); m.4th Sonsbeck 11 Nov 1996 Wolfgang Siegfried Döhring
(b.Salpia 6 Mar 1941)

3f) Rupprecht Hubertus Gero Maria (Munich
12 Sep 1925-Picton, Ontario 10 Apr 2003)

4e) Maria (b.and d.Villa
Wachwitz 22 Aug 1898)

5e) Margarete Karola Wilhelmine Viktoria Adelheid Albertine Petrusa Bertram Paula
(Dresden 24 Jan 1900-Freiburg 16 Oct 1962); m.Sibyllenort 2 Jun 1920 Friedrich
Pr von Hohenzollern (Heiligendamm 30 Aug 1891-Krauchenwies 6 Feb 1965)

6e) Maria Alix Luitpolda Anna Henriette Germana Agnes Damiana
Michaela (Wachwitz 27 Sep 1901-Hechingen 11 Dec 1990); m.
Sibyllenort 25 May 1921 Franz Joseph Pr von Hohenzollern-
Emden (Heiligendamm 30 Aug 1891-Tübingen 3 Apr 1964)

7e) Anna Monika Pia (Lindau 4 May 1903-Munich 8 Feb 1976); m.1st Sibyllenort 4 Oct
1926 Joseph Franz, Archduke of Austria (Brünn 28 Mar 1895-Carcavelos, Portugal 25
Sep 1957); m.2d (civ ) Geneva 28 Jul 1972 (rel) Veyrier 9 Sep 1972 Reginald
Kazanjian (Newport, Rhode Island 7 Aug 1905-Geneva 7 Aug 1990)

5d) Maria Josepha Luise Philippine Elisabeth Pia Angea Margarethe
(Dresden 31 May 1867- Erlangen 28 May 1944); m.Dresden 2 Oct 1886
Otto, Archduke of Austria (Graz 21 Apr 1865- Vienna 1 Nov 1906)

6d) Johann Georg Pius Karl Leopold Maria Januarius Anacletus (Dresden 10 Jul
1869-Schloß Altshausen 24 Feb 1938); m.1st Stuttgart 5 Apr 1894 Isabella Dss
of Württemberg (Ort 30 Aug 1871-Dresden 24 May 1904); m.2d Cannes 30 Oct 1906
Maria Immacolata Pss of Bourbon-Two Sicilies(Cannes 30 Oct 1874-Muri 28 Nov 1947)

7d) Maximilian Wilhelm August Albert Karl
Gregor Odo (Dresden 17 Nov 1870-Freiburg 12 Jan 1951)

8d) Albert Karl Anton Ludwig Wilhelm Viktor
(Dresden 25 Feb 1875-Wolkau 16 Sep 1900)

6c) Maria Sidonia Ludovica Mathilde Wilhelmine
Auguste Xaveria Baptista Nepomucena Veronica
Hyacinthia Deodata (Pillnitz 16 Aug 1834-
Dresden 1 Mar 1862)

7c) Anna Maria Maximiliane Stephania Karoline Johanna Luisa Xaveria
Nepomucena Aloysia Benedicta (Dresden 4 Jan 1836-Naples 10 Feb 1859);
m.Dresden 24 Nov 1856 Ferdinando IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Archduke
of Austria (Florence 10 Jun 1835-Salzburg 17 Jan 1908)

8c) Margaretha Karoline Friederike Cecilie Auguste Amalie Josephine
Elisabeth Maria Johanna (Dresden 24 May 1840-Monza 15 Sep 1858); m.
Dresden 4 Nov 1856 Karl Ludwig, Archduke of Austria
(Schönbrunn 30 Jul 1833-Vienna 19 May 1896)

9c) Sophie Maria Friederike Auguste Leopoldine Alexandrine Ernestine
Albertine Elisabeth (Dresden 15 Mar 1845-Munich 9 Mar 1867); m.Dresden
11 Feb 1865 Karl Theodor Duke in Bavaria (Possenhofen 9
Aug 1839-Kreuth 29 Nov 1909)

7b) Maria Josepha Amalia Beatrix Xaveria Vincentia Aloysia Franziska de
Paula Franziska de Chantall Anna Apollonia Johanna Nepomucena Walburga
Theresia Ambrosia (Dresden 6 Dec 1803-Aranjuez 17 May 1829); m.by proxy
at Dresden 28 Aug 1819 and in person at Madrid 20 Oct 1819 King Fernando
VII of Spain (Madrid 14 Oct 1784-Madrid 29 Sep 1833)